Image Data Representation

Image Data Representation


• Pixel (pel), element of images
• Representasi Image: 2 dimensional array of pixels (called bitmap)
• Dengan cara yang sama (bitmap), image disimpan di video memory, dalam frame buffer.
• Image resolution refers to the number of pixels in a digital image. ,ex: 1600x1200, 640x480
The resolution of the video card does not have to match the desired resolution of the image, but if not enough video card memory is available, the data has to be shifted around in RAM for display
• Aspect ratio, ex: 4:3

Image Depth


• 1-bit Monochrome Image
  - binary image
  - 0 and 1, black and white
• 8-Bit Gray-Level Images
  - 0 – 255: black to white
  - 8-bit image as a set of 1-bit bitplanes
• 24·Bit Color Images
  - Each pixel = 3 bytes
  - 256x256x256 = 16,777,216 possible combined color
  - Many 24-bit color images are actually   stored as 32-bit images, with the extra byte   of data for each pixel storing an alpha value representing special-effect information (opacity).

• 8-Bit Color Image
• If space is a concern (and it almost always is),
reasonably accurate color images can be obtained by quantizing the color information to collapse it.
• Such image files use the concept of a lookup table to store color information
• Color histogram
• Clustering in this way allows us to pick the most
important 256 groups of color

Color Lookup Table (LUTs)

 

Popular File Format 
• GIF
• JPEG
• BMP
• PNG

Color Models 
• RGB, HSV, CIELAB , CIE, YRB, YUV, YIQ
 

Audio, etc 
Audio
  - sound, esp. when recorded, transmitted, or reproduced
Sound/Bunyi
  - vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can
    be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.
  - a thing that can be heard.
  - sound produced by continuous and regular vibrations, as opposed to noise.
Voice/Suara
  - the sound produced in a person's larynx and uttered through the mouth, as speech or song.
Speech/Ucapan
  - the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds.

Sound
a sound actually is:
  - Sound is a continuous wave that travels through the air
  - The wave is made up of pressure differences. Sound is detected by measuring the pressure level at a location.
  - Sound waves have normal wave properties (reflection, refraction, diffraction, etc.).
 
• Analog Signals
  - Produced by micro
    phone (and for images,
    by video camera)
• Digitize Analog Signals
  - Conversion to a stream numbers
  - Discrete sampling (amplitude and time)
  - Sampling: the time dimension
  - Quantization: the amplitude dimension, 8 bit à 256
levels
 
 
 
 

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